Groundnut
Crop Overview
Groundnut is one of the most important cash crops of our country. It is a low priced commodity but a valuable source of all the nutrients. Groundnut is the sixth most important oilseed crop in the world. It contains 48-50% of oil and 26-28% of protein, and is a rich source of dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins. The worldwide groundnut is grown in 26.4 million hectares with a total production of 37.1 million metric tons and an average productivity of 1.4 metric t/ha. Worldwide ground nut is grown over 100 countries. Developing countries constitute 97% of the global area and 94% of the global production of this crop. The production of groundnut is concentrated in Asia and Africa with 56% and 40% of the global area and 68% and 25% of the global production, respectively.
Major Pests & Damage
White grubs
(Holotrichia consanguinea)
Armyworm
(Spodoptera litura)
Termites
(Odontotermes sp. Trinervitermes biformis)
Aphid
(Aphis craccivora)
Leaf miner
(Aproaerema modicella)
Thrips
(Scirtothrips dorsali)
Major Diseases
Stem Rot
(Sclerotium rolfsii)
Early symptoms of southern stem rot include wilting or yellowing of individual branches or the main stem. Stem lesions usually are formed near the crown of the plant, usually starting at points of contact with the soil or previously infected stems.
Early Leaf Spot
(Cercospora arachidicola)
Brown lesions (spots), usually surrounded by a yellow colour on the upper side of leaves, are the most common symptom of early leaf spot. Dark brown lesions (spots), usually on the underside of affected leaves, are the most common symptom of late leaf spot.
Root Knot Nematodes
(Meloidogyne arenaria)
Non-specific above-ground symptoms include patchy, stunted growth; discoloration and leaf chlorosis; excessive wilting during dry, hot conditions; stunting of whole plants; reduced yield and quality; and sometimes premature senescence or death. Infected plants are often stunted and chlorotic.
Collar Rot
(Aspergillus niger)
The pathogen attacks the emerging young seedling and cause circular brown spots on the cotyledons. The symptom spreads later to the hypocotyl and stem. Brown discolored spots appear on collar region. The affected portion become soft and rotten, resulting in the collapse of the seedling.
Late Leaf Spot
(Phaeoisariopsis personata)
The symptoms of late leaf spot are circular and darker spots appear on the lower surface of the leaves and also forms in stems and pegs resulting in severe yield loss to the groundnut growers.
Afla rot or yellow rot
(Aspergillus flavus)
Fungi causing seed rots and seedling diseases of groundnut. Fungi Disease Symptoms Aspergillus flavus Aflaroot or yellow mold Affected seeds are shriveled and dried, covered by yellow or greenish spores. Cotyledons show necrotic lesions with reddish brown margins.
Rust
(Puccinia arachidis)
The rust infects leaves, petioles, pegs (the shoots that grow into the ground) and stems. On the leaves, the spots are at first yellow, rapidly turning orange and then red-brown as masses of spores develop and break through the leaf surface.
Major Diseases
Stem Rot
(Sclerotium rolfsii)
Early symptoms of southern stem rot include wilting or yellowing of individual branches or the main stem. Stem lesions usually are formed near the crown of the plant, usually starting at points of contact with the soil or previously infected stems.
Early Leaf Spot
(Cercospora arachidicola)
Brown lesions (spots), usually surrounded by a yellow colour on the upper side of leaves, are the most common symptom of early leaf spot. Dark brown lesions (spots), usually on the underside of affected leaves, are the most common symptom of late leaf spot.
Root Knot Nematodes
(Meloidogyne arenaria)
Non-specific above-ground symptoms include patchy, stunted growth; discoloration and leaf chlorosis; excessive wilting during dry, hot conditions; stunting of whole plants; reduced yield and quality; and sometimes premature senescence or death. Infected plants are often stunted and chlorotic.
Collar Rot
(Aspergillus niger)
The pathogen attacks the emerging young seedling and cause circular brown spots on the cotyledons. The symptom spreads later to the hypocotyl and stem. Brown discolored spots appear on collar region. The affected portion become soft and rotten, resulting in the collapse of the seedling.
Late Leaf Spot
(Phaeoisariopsis personata)
The symptoms of late leaf spot are circular and darker spots appear on the lower surface of the leaves and also forms in stems and pegs resulting in severe yield loss to the groundnut growers.
Afla rot or yellow rot
(Aspergillus flavus)
Fungi causing seed rots and seedling diseases of groundnut. Fungi Disease Symptoms Aspergillus flavus Aflaroot or yellow mold Affected seeds are shriveled and dried, covered by yellow or greenish spores. Cotyledons show necrotic lesions with reddish brown margins.
Rust
(Puccinia arachidis)
The rust infects leaves, petioles, pegs (the shoots that grow into the ground) and stems. On the leaves, the spots are at first yellow, rapidly turning orange and then red-brown as masses of spores develop and break through the leaf surface.
Nutritional Deficiency
Zinc
Sulphur
Iron
